انواع سوالات ریدینگ آیلتس: اطلاعات مهم و نکات کلیدی

Choose the correct heading (i-ix) for paragraphs A, B, C and D in the passage below.

• i. Temperatures on Earth
• ii. The Greenhouse
• iii. Creating Global Warming
• iv. Use of a Greenhouse
• v. Our Choices
• vi. Greenhouse Gases
• vii. Earth’s Atmosphere
• viii. Reversing the Damage
• ix. Effects of Carbon Dioxide

The Greenhouse Effect

1. A greenhouse is a house made entirely of glass: both walls and roof are glass. One of the main purposes of a greenhouse is to grow tomatoes, flowers and other plants that might struggle to grow outside. A greenhouse stays warm inside, even during winter. Sunlight shines in and warms the plants and air inside. But the heat is trapped by the glass and cannot escape. So during the daylight hours, it gets warmer and warmer inside a greenhouse, and stays quite warm at night too.
2. The Earth experiences a similar thing to a greenhouse. Gases in the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide do what the roof of a greenhouse does. During the day, the Sun shines through the atmosphere. Earth’s surface warms up in the sunlight. At night, Earth’s surface cools, releasing the heat back into the air. But some of the heat is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That is what keeps our Earth a warm and comfortable 59 degrees Fahrenheit, on average.
3. However, gas molecules, called greenhouse gases, that absorb thermal infrared radiation, and are in significant enough quantity, can force and alter the climate system. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases act like a blanket, absorbing IR radiation and preventing it from escaping into outer space. The greenhouse effect, combined with increasing levels of greenhouse gases, produces global warming, which is expected to have profound implications.
4. Many scientists agree that the damage to the Earth’s atmosphere and climate is past the point of no return or that the damage is near the point of no return. In Josef Werne’s opinion, an associate professor at the department of geology & planetary science at the University of Pittsburgh told Live Science, we have three options. Firstly to do nothing and live with the consequences. Secondly, to adapt to the changing climate (which includes things like rising sea level and related flooding). Thirdly, mitigate the impact of climate change by aggressively enacting policies that actually reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere.

پاسخ سوالات بر اساس نکات توضیح داده شده در زیر آمده­است:

Paragraph A: ii

توضیحات: در پاراگراف اول درمورد اینکه گلخانه چیست و نحوه کار آن چگونه است، توضیح داده‌ شده ‌است.

با این‌که در پاراگراف اول اطلاعاتی درمورد زمینه استفاده از گلخانه وجود دارد، (برای مثال کاشت گیاه- شبیه به عنوان iv)، اما این اطلاعات ایده محوری و هدف اصلی نگارش این پاراگراف نیست. اطلاعاتی که درمورد زمینه استفاده از گلخانه ذکر شده، جزو اطلاعات فرعی و توضیحات تکمیلی می باشد.

در پاراگراف اول، این موارد شرح داده شده است:

1. a) گلخانه چیست (b  از گلخانه چه استفاده‌ای می شود  (c نحوه فعالیت گلخانه در شبانه روز

اگراین اطلاعات را برروی برگه فهرست کنید، بهترین عنوان انتخابی:

“The greenhouse”

است. به این خاطر که در این پاراگراف درمورد گلخانه توضیح داده ‌شده‌است.

Paragraph B: i

توضیحات: پاراگراف دوم به بررسی تغییرات دمایی سطح کره‌‌ زمین پرداخته‌است و آن را با گلخانه مقایسه کرده‌است.

Paragraph C: iii

توضیحات: این بخش کمی گمراه‌کننده بود. اگر به درستی متوجه این قسمت نشده‌اید، نگران نباشید. هدف این پاراگراف توضیح نحوه‌ به وجود‌ آمدن پدیده گرم شدن کره زمین بوده‌است. در این پاراگراف توضیح داده شده که چگونه عملکرد گازهای گلخانه‌ای می‌تواند سبب به وجود ‌آمدن گرمایش جهانی شود.

قطعاً در این پاراگراف اطلاعت زیادی درمورد گازهای گلخانه‌ای وجود دارد  (مشابه عنوان vi)، اما هدف از بیان این اطلاعات این است که نحوه به وجود آمدن گرمایش جهانی را توضیح دهد. برای اینکه بهتر متوجه شوید، اگرهدف پاراگراف به گازهای گلخانه‌ای مربوط بود، باید اطلاعات بیشتری درمورد این گازها ذکر می‌شد، مثلاً چگونگی به وجود‌ آمدن آن‌ها. اطلاعاتی که درخصوص کربن دی اکسید ذکرشد (مشابه پاراگراف ix)، جزو اطلاعات فرعی (که برای دفاع کردن از و ارائه توضیحات بیش‌تر درباره موضوع اصلی مطرح می‌شود) است.

Paragraph D: v

در جمله اول درمورد اینکه آیا برای اقدام در راستای تغییر اثرات گرمایش جهانی فرصتی باقی مانده است یا خیر، بحث شده است. هدف از نگارش این پاراگراف، باتوجه به آن‌چه متخصص نام برده شده ذکر کرده ‌است، بیان 3 راهکاری است که برای ما در خصوص این موضوع امکان‌پذیر است. تنها راهکار سوم مربوط به رفع خرابی‌هاست (مشابه عنوان viii)، اما این موضوع هدف اصلی کل پاراگراف نیست.

Exercise 1

Passage: The Thames Tunnel 

The Thames Tunnel was a tunnel built under the River Thames in London. It was the first subaqueous tunnel ever built and many believed it was the Eighth Wonder of the World at the time it was opened. It was opened in 1843 to pedestrians only and people came from far and wide to see the marvel. The day it was first opened, it attracted fifth thousand people to enter the tunnel and walk its length of almost 400 meters. The Thames Tunnel was used by people from all classes. The working class used it for its functional use of crossing from one side of the river to another, while for the middle classes and upper classes, it was a tourist experience. In the age of sail and horse-drawn coaches, people travelled a long way to visit the tunnel, but this was not enough to make the tunnel a financial success. It had cost over £500,000 to complete which in those days was a considerable amount of money. However, even though it attracted about 2 million people each year, each person only paid a penny to use it. The aim had been for the tunnel to be used by wheeled vehicles to transport cargo so that it could bring in a profit. But this failed and the tunnel eventually became nothing more than a tourist attraction selling souvenirs. In 1865, the tunnel became part of the London Underground railway system which continues to be its use today.

Questions 1-8

Are the following statements true, false or not given according to the information in the passage?

■ True = the statement matches the information in the passage.

■ False = the statement contradicts the information in the passage.

■ Not Given = the information is not found in the passage.

1. The Thames Tunnel was the first tunnel ever built under a river.
2. The Thames Tunnel was the Eighth Wonder of the World.
3. People were drawn from all over to see the Thames Tunnel.
4. The tunnel was used more by the middle and upper classes.
5. People were able to travel by sea or land in those days.
6. The aim of the tunnel was to turn a profit as a tourist attraction.
7. Statues of the tunnel could be bought as souvenirs.
8. The tunnel is no longer used as a pedestrian walkway to cross the river.

1-TRUE

• “It was the first subaqueous tunnel ever built…”
• ممکن است واژه “subaqueous” برای شما آشنا نباشد اما مطمعنا با واژه “subway” آشنایی دارید. “Subway” به معنا راهی است که در زیر زمین قرار دارد. ممکن است متوجه واژه “aqua” هم شده‌باشید. “Aqua” یعنی درارتباط بودن با آب. حتی اگر معنای واژه‌ای را ندانید، می‌توانید پاسخ را حدس بزنید.

2-FALSE

1- “…many believed it was the English Wonder of the World at the time……”

• این موضوعی بوده که مردم آن زمان به آن اعتقاد داشته‌اند و واقعیت ندارد. به چنین اطلاعاتی نمی‌توان استناد نمود.

3-TURE 

1. “…drew people from far and wide…”

• واژه”draw” در این عبارت به معنای جذب کردن است.
• “from all over” یک اصطلاح است. این اصطلاح معنا از همه کشورهای دنیا را نمی‌دهد، بلکه یک اصطلاح مبهم است که به معنا مکان‌های زیادی می­باشد.

4-NOT GIVEN  

در متن، میزان استفاده‌ هرکدام از اقشار از تونل ذکر نشده‌ بود.

5-TRUE 

1- “In the age of sail and horse-drawn coaches….”

• واژه”sail” به قایق‌ها (دریا) اشاره دارد و “horse-drawn coaches” شیوه‌ای از سفر‌های زمینی بوده‌است.

6-FALSE 

1- “The aim had been for the tunnel to be used by wheeled vehicles to transport cargo so that it could bring in a profit.”

7-NOT GIVEN  

• هیچ اطلاعاتی مبنی بر اینکه چه نوع سوغاتی‌هایی به فروش می‌رسیده‌، درمتن وجود ندارد.

8-TRUE

• “In 1865, the tunnel became part of the London Underground system which continues to be its use today.”

Exercise 2

Passage: Pyramid Building

The most famous pyramid is the Great Pyramid of Giza which is actually only one of over a hundred surviving pyramids. There is a long-standing question about how the pyramids were built given the lack of technology over 4,000 years ago but scientists are piecing together the puzzle. The blocks which make up the pyramids were hewn from quarries and then transported to the pyramids for construction. This was an incredible feat considering the distance that the raw materials had to travel and their enormous weight. The transportation of the materials was either by river using a boat or by land using a wooden sledge. Given the softness of the ground, the wheel would have been of little use had it been invented at that time. It is believed that the sand in front of the sledge was wet with water in order to facilitate the movement of the sledge and reduce friction. These sledges were pulled manually or sometimes by using beasts of burden depending on the ease at which the sledges could move over the ground. Interestingly, two thousand years after the pyramid building era of the Ancient Egyptians, the Romans moved stones using similar techniques at Baalbek. Once the blocks arrived at the pyramid construction site, it is thought they were moved into place using a ramp and pulley system.

The Old Kingdom period in Ancient Egyptian history is also known as the pyramid building era. The Ancient Egyptians achieved the most remarkable feats of building work which have still not been surpassed, particularly given the primitive technology used to build them. There is nothing remotely mystical or magical about how the pyramids were built as is commonly thought. Further still, while popular belief is that the Great Pyramid was built using slave labor, this theory has since been debunked. The first building made in a pyramid shape is thought to be the Stepped Pyramid which consists of six steps placed on top of each other in a pyramid shape to create the world’s first superstructure. The credit to finally achieving a smooth sided pyramid goes to Imhotep, an architect commissioned by King Sneferu. The pyramids were not an instant achievement, but the achievement of trial and error.

Questions 1-8

Decide if the statements below are True, False or Not Given according to the information in the passage.

1. The controversy over the method used in the construction of the pyramids has been solved by scientists.
2. It is possible that Ancient Egyptians could have lubricated paths to aid transportation by sledge.
3. Sleds were dragged by animals not humans.
4. The Romans learned the techniques of moving huge stones from the Ancient Egyptians.
5. The building work of the Ancient Egyptians is unrivalled.
6. Some people believe that magic may have been used by the Ancient Egyptians to build the pyramids.
7. The Great Pyramid was built using slave labor.
8. It took more than one attempt to get the construction of the pyramids right.

1-FALSE

1- “…scientists are piecing together the puzzle.”

مفهوم این جمله یعنی در حال حاضر – یک کار در حال انجام است و تمام نشده است.

2-TRUE

1- “It is believed that the sand in front of the sledge was wet with water in order to facilitate the movement of the sledges and reduce friction.”

3-FALSE

1- “These sledges were pulled manually or sometimes by using beasts of burden…”

• Manually به معنای کار یدی (انجام شده توسط انسان) است.
• Beast of burden به معنای حیوان باربری است.

4-NOT GIVEN

• در متن هیچ اطلاعاتی درباره‌ اینکه رومی‌ها از چه کسانی یاد‌گرفته‌ بودند، وجود ندارد.

2- “…using similar techniques at Baalbek”.

حرف اضافه‌ “at” به این معناست که واژه “Baalbek” به یک مکان دلالت دارد، نه به یک شخص.

5-TRUE 

1- “The Ancient Egyptians achieved the most remarkable feats of building work which have still not been surpassed ….”

6- TRUE 

1- “There is nothing remotely mystical or magical about how the pyramids were built as is commonly thought.”

• به معنی: “هیچ چیز جادویی وجود ندارد- همانطور که معمولاً تصور می­شود.”
• به معنی: ” هیچ چیز جادویی وجود ندارد اما بسیاری از مردم فکر می­کنند که وجود دارد.”
• عبارت “as is commonly thought”معنای کل جمله‌ داده‌شده را تغییر می‌دهد و به معنایی که پیش تر ذکرشده تبدیل می‌کند. این سطح پیشرفته‌ای از زبان انگلیسی است. اگر به درستی به این سوال پاسخ نداده‌اید، علت آن مربوط به زبان می‌شود نه تکنیک.
• اگر برای فهم این مورد به مشکل برخوردید، ممکن است نیاز باشد تا از یک معلم زبان انگلیسی کمک بگیرید تا درمورد نحوه‌ استفاده از این اصطلاح به شما توضیح دهد.

7-FALSE

1- “…while popular belief is that the Great Pyramid was built using slave labor, this theory has since been debunked.”

• debunked به معنی بی­اعتبار شده است.

8-TRUE

1- “The pyramids were not an instant achievement, but the achievement of trial and error.”

Exercise 3

Passage: Beethoven

Composer Ludwig van Beethoven was born on or near December 16, 1770, in Bonn, Germany. He is widely considered the greatest composer of all time. Sometime between the births of his two younger brothers, Beethoven’s father began teaching him music with an extraordinary rigor and brutality that affected him for the rest of his life. On a near daily basis, Beethoven was flogged, locked in the cellar and deprived of sleep for extra hours of practice. He studied the violin and dater with his father as well as taking additional lessons from organists around town. Beethoven was a prodigiously talented musician from his earliest days and displayed flashes of the creative imagination that would eventually reach farther than any composer’s before or since.

In 1804, only weeks after Napoleon proclaimed himself Emperor, Beethoven debuted his Symphony No. 3 in Napoleon’s honor. It was his grandest and most original work to date — so unlike anything heard before that through weeks of rehearsal, the musicians could not figure out how to play it. At the same time as he was composing these great and immortal works, Beethoven was struggling to come to terms with a shocking and terrible fact, one that he tried desperately to conceal. He was going deaf. At the turn of the century, Beethoven struggled to make out the words spoken to him in conversation.

Despite his extraordinary output of beautiful music, Beethoven was frequently miserable throughout his adult life. Beethoven died on March 26, 1827, at the age of 56.

Questions 1- 6

Are the following statements True, False or Not Given according to the information in the passage.

1. It is not known exactly when Beethoven was born.
2. Beethoven suffered cruelty at the hands of his father.
3. Beethoven was denied hours of sleep as a punishment for poor performance.
4. Beethoven’s father was also a talented musician.
5. Beethoven’s Symphony No. 3 was inspired by a famous man.
6. In the early 1800’s Beethoven struggled to follow a conversation.

1-TRUE

2-TRUE

3-FALSE

4-NOT GIVEN

5-NOT GIVEN

• اصلی‌ترین مشکل افراد با این سوال به واژه “inspire” برمی‌گردد. معنی واژه‌ “inspire” و عبارت “in someone’s honor” به هیچ عنوان مشابه نیست. معنای آنها کاملاً با یکدیگر متفاوت است. برای اطلاعات بیشتر می‌توانید از یک دیکشنری آنلاین کمک بگیرید.

6-TRUE

Exercise 4

Passage: Spam Messaging

SPAM, as every user of mobile phones in China is aware to their intense annoyance, is a roaring trade in China. Its delivery-men drive through residential neighborhoods in “text-messaging cars”, with illegal but easy-to-buy gadgetry they use to hijack links between mobile-phone users and nearby communications masts. They then target the numbers they harvest, blasting them with spam text messages before driving away. Mobile-phone users usually see only the wearisome results: another sprinkling of spam messages offering deals on flats, investment advice and dodgy receipts for tax purposes.

Chinese mobile-users get more spam text messages than their counterparts anywhere else in the world. They received more than 300 billion of them in 2013, or dose to one a day for each person using a mobile phone. Users in bigger markets like Beijing and Shanghai receive two a day, or more than 700 annually, accounting for perhaps one-fifth to one-third of all texts. Americans, by comparison, received an estimated 4.5 billion junk messages in 2011, or fewer than 20 per mobile-user for the year —out of a total of more than two trillion text messages sent.

Questions 1-6

Decide if the following questions are true, false or not given.

1. In China, SPAM text messaging is a successful business.
2. People’s phone numbers are collected through the use of technology which cannot be readily bought.
3. In no other country do people receive more Spain texts than in China
4. In 2013, the number of SPAM texts increased considerably to reach 300 billion.
5. The majority of all texts received in Shanghai and Beijing are SPAM.
6. In 2011, Americans sent more texts than anywhere else in the world.

1-TRUE

1- a roaring trade

2-FALSE

• کلمه the gadgetry معادل technology است.
• easy to buy معادل readily boughtیعنی به راحتی خریداری شده است.
• این عبارت نادرست است چرا که در متن بیان شد که خرید آن آسان است. این مفهوم با عبارت داده‌شده در تناقض است.

3-TRUE

4-NOT GIVEN

• دلیل اینکه بیشتر افراد این سوال را اشتباه متوجه می‌شوند این است که به معنا توجه نمی‌کنند. “Over 300 billion” همان معنای “more than 300 billion” را دارد. این عبارت نشان‌دهنده‌ کاهش یا افزایش نیست.

5-FALSE

• حداکثر 3/1 SPAM هستند.

6-NOT GIVEN

***فهرست واژگان

■ intense = strong / extreme

■ roaring business = successful business / booming business

■ residential = suburban

■ gadget = device

■ harvest information = collect / gather

■ sprinkling = smattering

■ counterparts = equals / colleagues

■ spam messages = junk messages

■ digits = numbers / numerals

Hobbies for the Elderly

A. Card making — This has become an increasingly popular hobby, as it’s very easy to start and cards can be as simple or complicated as skills allow. Best of all, it’s a lovely way for your parent to send wishes to all the family and friends.

B. Art — this can be done at your parent’s home, or in a local art class. It can be painting, drawing, sculpture, or pottery. It does not matter how skilled your parent is, as there are opportunities for all levels. Just give it a go. The creative process is very absorbing and rewarding and it is a great way for your elderly relative to meet new people.

C. Learning to use the internet — if your aging parent likes the look of new technology, but has never learned how to use it, the internet is very easy once someone has shown them how. It opens up a whole new world of information and they will be able to keep in touch easily with children and grandchildren via email.

Questions 1-2

Which section contains the following information? Write the correct letter (A-C) as your answer.

• A way to learn new methods of communication.
• A way to socialize.

Fermented Foods

Fermentation is a process in which an agent [typically bacteria and yeast] cause an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic [no oxygen] breakdown of sugar into alcohol, i.e. the making of beer or wine. Fermentation in food processing is the conversion of carbohydrates (plant foods) to alcohols and carbon dioxide, or organic adds, using yeasts, bacteria, or a combination thereof, under anaerobic (no oxygen) conditions. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desirable, and the process is used to produce alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, and cider. Fermentation is also employed in the leavening of bread, and for preservation techniques to create lactic add in sour foods such as sauerkraut, dry sausages, kimchi and yogurt, or vinegar (acetic add) for use in pickling foods.

Nobel Prize winner Dr. Elie Metchnikoff was one of the first scientists to recognize the benefits of eating fermented foods. His research in the early 1900’s focused on the Bulgarians. He believed the daily ingestion of yogurt was a major contribution to their superior health and longevity.

Bulgarians perfected the art of detoxifying and preserving milk (removing the lactose and predigesting the proteins) and transforming it into yogurt and cheese. For centuries, Europeans used wine as a source of clean, durable water. The Caucasians used Kefir grains for the same purpose: detoxify milk products to make Kefir. Vegetables were also fermented to preserve them from spoilage, such as kimchi in Korea. Most of the pickled products found on our grocery shelves were at one time a fermented product: pickles, sauerkraut, and even catsup (a Chinese word for pickled fish brine). However, since fermentation isn’t always a uniform process, manufacturers found another way to make these products.

Questions 1-6

Complete the summary using the list of words (A-J) below. Write the correct letter on your answer sheet, in boxes 1-6

International Uses for Fermentation

At the start of the 20th century, Dr. Elie Metchnikoff put forward his belief that the 1. ……… and good health of Bulgarians could be attributed to eating fermented food each day. By 2. …….. and preserving milk, they were able to convert it into 3. ……… and 4. ……… In other parts of Europe, fermented 5. ………… was consumed as a replacement for clean water. Some 6. ……. were fermented which gave them a longer lifespan but nowadays this is done by pickling.

1. A) ingesting B) yoghurt C) longevity D) pickled products E) wine F) food
2. G) kimchi H) cheese I) detoxifying J) vegetables

• C
• I
• B (any order)
• H (any order)
• E
• J

The War on Smoking

Make no mistake, the move to introduce plain packaging is just the latest front in the war against smoking. Over the past decade, there has been a ban on smoking in public places and moves to restrict displays in shops. But one of the issues that has been concerning health experts and ministers is the number of people who continue to take up smoking, particularly young people. More than 200,000 under-16’s start in the UK each year – helping ensure a viable market remains for manufacturers once the number of people quitting and dying is taken into account. In countries like the UK where there is a ban on advertising, the pack remains the last major vehicle for promotion. Hence the detail and care taken in the design of the packets with their laminated and special print effects, foil decorations and slide openings and beveled edges. It should come as no surprise therefore to learn that they have become known as the “silent salesman” and “mobile billboard” within the industry. They are that important.

Questions 1-4

Complete the sentences. Choose no more than two words and / or a number from the passage for each answer.

1. ………. is the most recent strategy to tackle the problem of smoking.
2. The large number of new smokers, particularly under 16’s, makes certain that cigarette companies will always have a ……….
3. In some countries, packaging is the only method that cigarette companies have for ………….
4. Packets are seen as being the ………. in the cigarette industry.

• Plain package
• Viable market
• Promotion
• Silent salesman / mobile billboard

برای پاسخ سوال 4، شما باید یکی از این دو پاسخ را انتخاب کنید. درصورتیکه هردو پاسخ را بنویسید، پاسخ شما اشتباه درنظرگرفته‌می‌شود.

فهرست واژگان:

• the latest front = the most recent
• development to establish = to introduce
• makes certain = helps ensure
• only method of = the last vehicle for
• edge = side
• are seen as being = have become known as
• come as no surprise = be expected

First Test to Predict Alzheimer’s

The world’s first blood test to predict Alzheimer’s disease before symptoms occur has been developed. The test identifies 10 chemicals in the blood associated with the disease two to three years before symptoms start, but it might be able to predict Alzheimer’s decades earlier.

Globally, 35 million people are living with Alzheimer’s. It is characterized by a toxic build up of amyloid and tau proteins in the brain, which destroys the neurons. Several blood tests can diagnose the disease, but until now, none has had the sensitivity to predict its onset.

But with no treatments available, would anyone want to take these tests? Mapstone says “In my experience, the majority of people are very interested to know whether they will get Alzheimer’s. They believe that knowledge is power — particularly when it comes to your own health. We may not have any therapy yet but there are things we can do — we can get our financial and legal affairs in order, plan for future care, and inform family members.”

Question 1-3

Choose the correct letter A-C

1.The test can predict Alzheimer’s……….

a. Two or three years before the illness begins.

b. Two or three years from thestart of the symptoms.

c. A decade before

2.This test is the first blood test which can …..

a. cure Alzheimer’s

b. estimate the start of the disease

c. diagnose the disease

3.Mapstone believes that ….

a. this test will help people understand Alzheimer’s

b. people want to know about their health

c. people want power

1= a   Before symptoms start = before the illness begins جمله دوم))

2= b   Estimate the start = predict it onset (پاراگراف دوم، جمله آخر)

3= b

فهرست واژگان

■ 2 or 3 years from the start of = 2 or 3 years after symptoms start

■ predict = foresee / forecast / foretell

■ occur = happen / came about

■ associated with = connected to

■ characterize = typify / exemplify

■ symptoms = signs (of an illness)

■ onset = start / inception

Reading Passage:

Coffee is one of the most popular hot drinks in the world. Almost a third of the world’s population drinks coffee. People often meet at cafes or coffee shops for a coffee break during the middle of the morning or stop work in the afternoon to drink coffee. About 7 million tons of coffee is produced every year. Brazil is, by far, the world’s largest coffee producer. About a third of the world’s production comes from this South American country. Other coffee producing countries include Vietnam, Indonesia and Colombia.

The United States is the biggest coffee consumer in the world. About 1.2 billion kilograms of coffee are consumed there every year. Drinking coffee is extremely popular in European countries, like Italy, France and Germany, as well as in Brazil.

Question

Choose the correct letter A — C

Which is the best title for the passage below?

1. Coffee – a popular hot drink
2. Coffee – the main consumers
3. Coffee – the main producers

اگر هنوز درسنامه این ریدینگ را تکمیل نکرده‌اید، لطفا پیش از بررسی پاسخ ها، آن را تکمیل کنید.

پاسخ درست گزینه A می‍‌باشد.

پاراگراف ابتدایی و انتهایی هردو برروی یک نکته مشابه  یعنی popularity of coffee تاکید دارند. درحالی که خط آغازین و خط پایانی، به تنهایی ممکن نیست نشان‌دهنده هدف پاراگراف باشند، اما هردو برروی نکته مشابهی تاکید دارند. همچنین در پاراگراف اول جزئیات زیادی وجود دارد که نمی‌توان آن را نادیده گرفت.

هیچ قانون ثابتی در رابطه با انتخاب یک عنوان وجود ندارد. اما به یاد داشته‌ باشید که اطلاعاتی در رابطه با همه گزینه‌ها در متن داده ‌شده‌است. پس هدف شما این نیست که تنها اطلاعات را با یکدیگر تطابق دهید بلکه باید متوجه شوید که هدف کلی متن چیست.

باید از خودتان بپرسید- هدف نویسنده از نوشتن متن چه بوده‌است؟ هدف نگارش متن چه بوده‌است؟ پیام کلیدی‌ای که نویسنده سعی داشته آن­را انتقال بدهد چه بوده‌است؟

پس در این درسنامه اطلاعاتی درمورد producers و  consumersداده‌شده بود، جزو اطلاعات فرعی‌ای بود که برای جذاب‌تر کردن نوشته، در متن گنجانده ‌شده ‌بود.اما هدف اصلی توضیح Popularity  بوده‌است.

امیدوارم که این بخش برای شما مفید بوده‌باشد.

NASA’s Orion ‘Mars Ship’ set for test flight

A US space capsule that could help get humans to Mars is about to make its maiden flight. Orion will be launched on a Delta rocket out of Cape Canaveral in Florida on a short journey above the Earth to test key technologies. The conical vessel is reminiscent of the Apollo command ships that took men to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, but bigger and with cutting-edge systems. Given that this is a first outing, there will be no people aboard.

Nonetheless, the US space agency describes the demonstration as a major event. Nasa has a window in which to launch Orion of about two-and-a-half hours, which began at 07:05 local time (12:05 GMT). The launch preparations had to be stopped shortly before the opening of the window because a boat strayed into the eastern part of the launch range. After that, the countdown had to be held because of strong winds and a technical issue.

Orion is being developed alongside a powerful new rocket that will have its own debut in 2017 or 2018. Together, they will form the core capabilities needed to send humans beyond the International Space Station to destinations such as the Red Planet. For Thursday’s flight, the Delta IV-Heavy rocket — currently the beefiest launcher in the world — is being used as a stand-in. It will send Orion twice around the globe, throwing the ship up to an altitude of almost 6,000km (3,600 miles). This will set up a fast fall back to Earth, with a re-entry speed into the atmosphere dose to 30,000km/h (20,000mph) — near what would be expected of a capsule coming back from the Moon. It should give engineers the opportunity to check the performance of Orion’s critical heat shield, which is likely to experience temperatures in excess of 2,000C (4,000F). They will also watch how the parachutes deploy as they gently lower the capsule into Pacific waters off Mexico’s Baja California Peninsula.

Questions 1-4

Complete the sentences by selecting the correct ending, A-G (not all letters will be used).

1. The first ever flight of Orion is aimed to ……
2. Although the shape of the Orion is similar to previous ships, it ……
3. A new rocket is also being developed which ……….
4. The rocket which will be used as a replacement will ………
5. As temperatures reach extreme levels on re-entry, this maiden flight will ……………

• send Orion twice around the world.
• has state of the art technology.
• test the critical heat shield.
• check Orion’s performance.
• test the most important technology.
• will have its first voyage in few years.
• help humans get to Mars.

1. e
2. b
3. f
4. a
5. c

***فهرست واژگان

• reminiscent = similar to / reminding you of (something / someone)
• maiden flight / maiden voyage = first ever flight / first journey
• conical = shaped narrowing to a point
• similar to something in the past
• cutting-edge = front-line / pioneering / brand-new
• strayed = drifted
• debut = first appearance
• in excess of = more than
• (parachute) deploys = opens

The History of Easter Eggs

Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are special eggs that are often given to celebrate Easter or springtime. The practice of decorating eggshell is ancient. Ostrich eggs with engraved decoration that are 60,000 years old have been found in Africa. In Europe, it was traditional to use dyed and painted chicken eggs at Easter, but a modem custom is to substitute chocolate eggs, or plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as jelly beans.

Easter eggs are a widely popular symbol of new life in Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, and other Central European countries where they are concealed in the garden for children to find. Eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and rebirth. Some magic rituals, these days, often use eggs to promote fertility and restore virility (of the body and mind); and to foresee the future.

Questions 1-3

Answer the questions below. Choose no more than two words from the passage for each answer.

1. What is another name for Easter Eggs?
2. What type of eggs were formerly used at Easter in Europe?
3. What did eggs represent on the whole?

1.Paschal eggs

(در آزمون لیستنینگ آیلتس نیازی نیست که حرف آغازین کلمه با حرف بزرگ نوشته شود.)

2.chicken eggs

3.fertility rebirth

( در اینجا نیازی به نوشتن کلمه and نیست چون باید فقط 2 کلمه را به عنوان پاسخ بنویسید.

***فهرست واژگان

■ another name = also called

■ oldest tradition = many generations ago

■ in general = on the whole

■ were a symbol of = represent